In the United States and many countries around the world, INCI names are referenced by regulation for ingredient labeling cosmetic products. INCI names are developed by the International Nomenclature Committee (INC) and published in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook. Search the Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary for Free. Posted on November 25, 2009 August 6, 2019 by Perry Romanowski. One of our favorite cosmetic chemist resources, SpecialChem for Cosmetics, just got a whole lot better.
![]() Propane-1,3-diolWhat is it?
Propandediol has received some bad press due to its same Empirical Formula to Propylene Glycol, but Propanediol is distinctly different than Propylene Glycol in several ways:
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STRUCTURE
Propanediol and Propylene Glycol have the same Empirical Formula (C3H8O2), however the molecular structure of each compound is different.
INCI name Propanediol = Chemical name 1,3 Propanediol molecular structure:
OH-CH2-CH2-CH2-0H
INCI name Propylene Glycol = Chemical name 1,2 Propanediol molecular structure:
CH2-CH-CH2-OH
I
OH
It is the structural difference between Propanediol and Propylene Glycol that makes the two compounds distinctly different. Therefore, each compound:
- is listed separately in the Personal Care Products Counsel International Cosmetic Ingredient
Dictionary and Handbook monographs
- has a different International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient (INCI) name
- has a different Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS) number
- has a different European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS) number
- has a different European List of Notified Chemical Substances (ELINCS) number.
PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
The structural difference between Propanediol and Propylene Glycol cause them to each have
different physical and chemical properties:
Propanediol Propylene Glycol
Boiling Point 214C 188.2C
Melting Point - 25C - 60C
Density 1.053 @ 20C 1.0361 @ 20C
Vapor Pressure 0.044mm Hg @ 25C 0.129mm Hg @ 25C
Flash Point 268C 99.04C
Autoingintion 400C 371C
(Note that the Flash Point of Propanediol is significantly higher than that of Propylene Glycol. Flash Point is defined as the lowest temperature at which a material can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.)
The physical and chemical differences between Propanediol and Propylene Glycol cause the two compounds to have different toxocology profiles.
SOURCE AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS
- Propanediol is mainly derived from a sustainable and renewable corn sugar fermentation
process.
- Propylene Glycol is mainly synthesized from Propylene Oxide, a petrochemical.
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- Manufacturing corn-derived Propanediol emits up to 40% less greenhouse gases than
chemically-derived Propylene Glycol1
- Corn-derived Propanediol uses up to 35% less non- renewable energy than chemically-derived
Propylene Glycol1
According to life cycle analysis from design data by Dupont Tate & Lyle
(http://bit.ly/1LfSjif)
More Information
Glycols have been used in cosmetics and personal care products to impart beneficial properties such as humectancy, solvency, moisturization and emulsification. One such ingredient is 1,3-propanediol (PDO), which is manufactured either by a chemical process using petroleum feedstock or by a fermentation (bio-based) process using corn sugar. Since PDO became commercially available only recently, it does not yet have a widespread history of use for properties such as humectancy, moisturization or emulsification. However, a substance structurally similar to PDO, propylene glycol (PG), does have widespread use and distribution in personal care products—but it also has a history of some dermal irritation and to a lesser extent, sensitization.
Obviously, besides the efficacy properties of a raw material, another critical property is the lack of or low potential for dermal irritation and sensitization of skin. Therefore, an evaluation of the potential for new ingredients to cause adverse skin reactions is essential. Information from previous animal studies following exposure to chemically-produced PDO suggests a low potential for human skin reactions. This historical information includes a study in rabbits (Draize method), showing neat PDO is mildly irritating; and a study in guinea pigs (Landsteiner/Draize method), showing no dermal irritation or sensitization.
To learn more about the possible effects of 1,3-Propanediol on the skin, follow the link: http://bit.ly/1SoWYj
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